Whistleblower Blog

News in Government Procurement Fraud and False Claims

We found a very interesting article from last week’s Legal Times, with an excerpt of interest to whistleblower lawyers as follows:

“Last fall, the Justice Department launched a National Procurement Fraud Task Force to focus “resources at all levels of government to increase criminal enforcement” in areas of procurement fraud. The stepped-up attention to this area throughout the government may signal that the $3.1 billion record in federal fraud recoveries in 2006 could soon be broken. More than 50 inspectors general from across all
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IRS Names New Head of IRS Criminal Investigative Division

The IRS agents we have been meeting with since January to pursue whistleblower claims under the new IRS Whistleblower Rewards Program have a new boss, the IRS announced today.

The Criminal Investigative Division of the IRS will be led by Eileen Mayer, who was most recently head of the IRS’s Office of Fraud/Bank Secrecy Act.

We are encouraged by IRS Commissioner Mark W. Everson’s comments that “she will play a key role in IRS efforts to halt tax fraud.” Agents of the Criminal Investigative Division work tax fraud cases, some of which are now originating under the new IRS Whistleblower Rewards program.

As a result of the IRS’s efforts, the Department of Justice has brought many successful prosecutions.
The IRS’s press release is reprinted below:
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New Medicaid False Claims Act Proposed in Georgia

We were encouraged to see that Georgia has just joined the states that are considering a State “False Claims Act” with whistleblower provisions.

As we have discussed before on the Whistleblower Lawyer Blog, Congress has created great financial incentives for states that pass their own versions of the federal False Claims Act, with qui tam provisions that encourage whistleblowers. States can increase by 10% their share of Medicare fraud recoveries by passing their own False Claims Acts, but the state laws must pass muster with OIG and be at least as effective as the federal False Claims Act. Otherwise, as approximately seven other states were disappointed to find, the state does not receive an increase in its share of Medicare fraud recoveries.

Rep. Ed Lindsey is the sponsor of Georgia’s proposed “State False Medicaid Claims Act.” The new law would apply to Medicaid fraud and false claims, but not other fraud and false claims that cost the state taxpayers money.

The challenge will be to make sure that the new law is tough enough and broad enough to meet OIG’s criteria. As we reported before, OIG has disapproved the False Claims statutes of California, Florida, Louisiana, Indiana, Michigan, Nevada, and Texas, as not as effective as the federal False Claims Act. No approval by OIG, no extra money for the state.

We will be discussing this new whistleblower statute, as well as others. Those who wish to read it can do so here:
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Has Iraq Fraud Cost Taxpayers Even More Than Previously Believed?

Congressional Committee Explores Contractor Overcharges

Of great interest to whistleblower lawyers is how much suspected fraud and abuse has occurred in Iraq reconstruction contracts. Goverment auditors recently announced that they now believe that Iraq contractor fraud and abuse may be three times greater than the previous estimates–and may affect one out of every six dollars spent in the Iraq reconstruction effort.

The estimate has grown from $3.5 billion to more than $10 billion in “questioned and unsupported costs,” according to the Defense Contract Audit
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Comments–Whistleblower Lawyers, Other Attorneys, and Clients on the Whistleblower Lawyer Blog

Since we began the Whistleblower Lawyer Blog to discuss topics of interest to attorneys, potential whistleblowers and others about developments in the new IRS Whistleblower Rewards Program, in qui tam litigation under the False Claims Act, and other whistleblower developments that might be of interest to other lawyers or whistleblowers, we have received some very positive feedback.

We have discussed not only how the IRS Whistleblower Program and the False Claims Act work, but we have also tried to highlight specific
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New Whistleblower Protections Approved by House Committee

Recognizing how important whistleblowers are to stopping fraud, the U.S. House Oversight and Government Reform Committee today approved the Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act (H.R. 985).

The new whistleblower protections would apply to federal employees and government contractors. The law would establish whistleblower protections for scientific, intelligence and transportation security employees. It would also apparently mean that officials would investigate whether security clearances are revoked as retribution for a whistleblower’s reporting allegations of waste, fraud or abuse.

Congressman Henry Waxman (D-Cal.) introduced the bill last week. Additional amendments would strengthen the effectiveness of the whistleblower provisions.

We find it very encouraging that Congress is taking such logical steps to protect the public’s money from waste, fraud and abuse.

The specific sections of the proposed new whistleblower law are as follows:

H.R.985 Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2007 (Introduced in House)
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Medicare Fraud Indictments in Los Angeles

We find it staggering to read about how blatant Medicare fraud can be, which often provokes a whistleblower to step forward. Today’s L.A. Times reports on a shameless scheme to defraud Medicare:

Elderly and mentally ill patients allegedly were offered doughnuts, candy and other gifts to lure them into more than $12 million worth of unnecessary respiratory treatments that were fraudulently billed to Medicare, according to the Indictment. Doctors and administrators were charged, according to this report.

What can you say about such criminality,
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State Whistleblower Act Is a Powerful Tool in Texas–But Could Produce Even More Medicaid Fraud Recoveries

Whistleblower suits that reveal Medicaid fraud in Texas have grabbed the attention of the Texas Legislature–which apparently recognizes how powerful state False Claims Acts can be.

Today’s Houston Chronicle reports that Texas is working through a “backlog” of Medicaid fraud cases, the top 20 of which could bring another $700 million to the State (and presumably a significant amount to whistleblowers).

Whistleblower cases have been so effective that the legislators asked what more could be accomplished with more resources provided to pursue these fraud
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Watching the New IRS Whistleblower Procedures Take Shape

We are excited to see the new IRS Whistleblower Office’s procedures being developed. We obtained a copy of a recent letter from IRS Commissioner Mark W. Everson, describing how the new Whistleblower procedures are taking shape, to Senator Charles Grassley.

Senator Grassley has been instrumental in pushing for effective whistleblower laws, both in qui tam litigation under the False Claims Act, and now in the new IRS Whistleblower Program. Here is an excerpt of Commisioner Everson’s January 29, 2007 letter describing the implementation of the new IRS Whistleblower Program:

“The IRS has already taken steps to establish the new Whistleblower Office, which will report directly to the Deputy Commissioner for Services and Enforcement. This places the new office on par with other Operating divisions at the IRS. It will be headed by an IRS executive who has experience with IRS operations as well as with whistleblower operations in other government agencies. This executive should be assigned to the new position by February 4, 2007 [and our Whistleblower Lawyer Blog readers can learn about the new Director here] and will be available to attend your bipartisan roundtable discussion to obtain first-hand input from key stakeholders.

“The IRS Chief counsel and Assistant Secretary for Tax Policy are responsible for issuing the guidance required by the Tax Relief Act of 2006. Both offices are currently studying the legislation to identify areas and issues to be addressed in the guidance. They will obtain input from all interested parties, including the new executive in charge of the Whistleblower Office, to determine issues needing guidance. We are hopeful that the roundtable discussion will provide an opportunity to receive additional input. Chief Counsel and Tax Policy plan to issue this guidance within the one year timeframe required in the legislation.”
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Potential Whistleblowers: IRS Offers Program for Employers “Back-Dating” Stock Options

We are encouraged that the IRS is taking action in response to the fraudulent practice of “back-dating” of stock options. Potential whistleblowers may wish to see the IRS’ description of its program to deal with an aspect of this problem.

Here is an excerpt from the IRS’ announcement of how it is permitting employers to “step forward” and pay a penalty, and a related IRS Release can be read here:

(From IRS Release:)

IRS Offers Opportunity for Employers to Satisfy Tax Obligations of Rank-and-File Employees with ‘Backdated’ Stock Options

IR-2007-30, Feb. 8, 2006
WASHINGTON – Internal Revenue Service officials today announced an initiative aimed at providing relief for rank-and-file employees affected by their companies’ issuance of backdated and other mispriced stock options. While the program will be available to help these employees who may be unaware that they held backdated options, the opportunity will not be available for backdated options exercised by most corporate executives or other insiders.

If an employee exercised a ‘backdated’ stock option in 2006, the employee may owe an additional 20-percent tax, plus an interest tax, under the Federal tax laws governing deferred compensation. If the option had been properly priced, the employee normally would only have owed income tax on the difference between the value at the date of grant and exercise.
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The False Claims Act and the New Georgia “Taxpayer Protection False Claims Act’

After I helped draft Georgia’s new False Claims Act enacted last year, the “Taxpayer Protection False Claims Act,” I have been asked many questions about this new whistleblower law. Like the federal False Claims Act, its “qui tam” provisions allow private citizens to report fraud against public funds and receive a share of the recovery.

What many people may not know is that Georgia’s two False Claims Acts now apply to all spending by the state, and all spending by local governments.

The 2012 Act can be used by a wide array of “local government” bodies, and by citizens who know about fraud against those entities. The Act defines “local government” broadly to include “any Georgia county, municipal corporation, consolidated government, authority, board of education or other local public board, body, or commission, town, school district, board of cooperative educational services, local public benefit corporation, hospital authority, taxing authority, or other political subdivision of the state or of such local government, including MARTA.”

To answer many questions, we have uploaded here our summary of these laws, titled “The False Claims Act and the New Georgia ‘TaxProtectionection False Claims Act,'” which you may download here.

Please feel free to contact us with any questions about the False Claims Act or the new Georgia Taxpayer Protection False Claims Act.
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Liechtenstein Bank Secrecy Gives Way in $23.8 Million IRS Settlement That Exposes US Tax Evaders

Another shoe dropped for offshore tax evaders today, in an encouraging sign for the IRS Whistleblower Office.

A Liechtenstein bank avoided prosecution by agreeing to turn over files on 200 U.S. customers and to pay $23.8 million for assisting U.S. taxpayers in opening and maintaining undeclared bank accounts from 2001 through 2011.

Liechtensteinische Landesbank AG (LLB-Vaduz) helped a significant number of U.S. taxpayers hide these offshore accounts, evade U.S. taxes, and file false tax returns with the IRS, according to today’s announcement.

The Justice Department
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CFTC Whistleblower Program Taps SEC Enforcement Lawyer As New Director

In January, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) lost to the SEC the first director of the new CFTC Whistleblower Office, Vincente Martinez. CFTC Chairman Gary Gensler has announced that he has recruited from the SEC Enforcement Division Christopher Ehrman to lead the CFTC Whistleblower Office’s efforts to attract whistleblowers in the swaps and futures markets.

Mr. Ehrman most recently had been Assistant Director of the SEC’s Office of Market Intelligence. His experience there should serve him well since he “oversaw the processing, review and
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Court Allows N.Y. Tax Whistleblower Case To Proceed Against Sprint-Nextel Corporation

When New York amended its state False Claims Act in 2010, it broke new ground by including tax whistleblower cases. New York’s decision to attract tax whistleblowers bore fruit when the NY Supreme Court recently ruled that New York’s $100 million tax whistleblower case against Sprint-Nextel Corp. may proceed.

If successful, this case may net New York three times the more than $100 million in unpaid taxes that the state alleges Sprint has failed to pay its state and local governments. It may also bring the whistleblower 15%-25% of what the state recovers.

The N.Y. Supreme Court first rejected Sprint’s arguments that the N.Y. Tax Law did not require payment of the sales tax in question. The Court allowed the case to proceed.

Sprint was successful in limiting the time in question to March 31, 2008 forward, but now faces discovery and a potential trial over allegations that include whether Sprint knowingly made “false records or statements” and repeatedly engaged in “fraudulent or illegal activity.”
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Amid Attacks on the IRS, Recognition of the Best of the IRS Whistleblower Office

Now is the time to tell the story of Bob Gardner. Bob retires this week after 37 years of service with the IRS, most recently with the IRS Whistleblower Office.

Bob understands that public service is a noble calling for so many in our government. He epitomizes all that is good in fairly administering our internal revenue laws.

When IRS Whistleblower Office Director Steve Whitlock began hiring for the first “tax whistleblower” office that Congress had authorized in late 2006, Bob Gardner was
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Reforming the IRS–and Why We Need a Functioning IRS That Follows the Law

Could the IRS and Treasury Department have done a worse job in how they have handled the alleged “targeting” of conservative groups that applied for tax-exempt status before the 2012 elections?

My criticism starts–but does not end–with any IRS personnel who singled out “Tea Party” and similar groups for extra scrutiny based on their political affiliations. Any such acts cannot be tolerated..

But less noticed is what was being done–or not done–since at least mid-2012 by the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (“TIGTA”).

The Senate Finance Committee’s official “timeline” states that, in May 2012, “TIGTA briefs [IRS] Commissioner Shulman on the targeting by the IRS of tea party applications for 501(c)(4) status.”

So the Inspector General’s Office knew, at least six months before the 2012 elections, that “targeting” of these applicants had occurred? If TIGTA told Commissioner Shulman that it was auditing the problem, why did it take TIGTA another year to issue its May 2013 report?

And did Commissioner Shulman, a Bush appointee with no reason to “hide” any “targeting” of conservative groups, rely on the Inspector General’s staff to gather evidence and take appropriate action? Shouldn’t TIGTA have acted expeditiously? TIGTA’s other FY 2013 reports reveal nothing so pressing that it should have taken it another year.to complete its work.
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IRS & SEC Whistleblower Directors Join False Claims Act Officials for Conference on Whistleblower Issues

This week in a rare occurrence, the heads of the IRS and SEC Whistleblower programs and federal and state False Clams Act officials participated in one conference to discuss prosecuting and defending whistleblower cases.

Our firm has organized this “Whistleblower Law Symposium” since 2007 to explore developments in the growing number of federal and state whistleblower laws that seek to stop fraud against taxpayer funds.

“Sequestration” threatened to keep some major speakers from participating because of travel restrictions. The solution was “beaming in” Sean McKessey, Director of the SEC’s Office of the Whistleblower, and Steve Whitlock, Director of the IRS Whistleblower Office, to join our panelists by videoconference.

The conference began with an overview I provided of the country’s major whistleblower law, the False Claims Act. Its successes since 1986 inspired Congress to create both the new IRS Whistleblower Program in 2006, and the new SEC Whistleblower Program in the 2010 Dodd-Frank Act.

An excellent discussion of the False Claims Act in health care followed, led by Rick Shackelford of King & Spalding, LLP. Rick was joined by my former partner John E. Floyd of Bondurant, Mixson & Elmore, LLP; Daniel P. Griffin of Miller & Martin, PLLC; and Marlon Wilbanks of Wilbanks & Bridges, LLP.

Another panel then analyzed Georgia’s New 2012 “Taxpayer Protection False Claims Act, a 2012 state False Claims Act that I helped draft. This law encompasses all spending by state, county, municipal, and other local governments in Georgia. Nels Peterson, who as Georgia’s Solicitor General is charged with overseeing the implementation of the new statute, explained the framework of the law.

Because the new state FCA applies to fraud against local governments as well, we also heard how the Act might be used by cities and counties. Mary Carole Cooney, former Atlanta Deputy City Attorney, and Bill Linkous, former Dekalb County Attorney, provided their perspectives on how the new whistleblower law might expose fraud in various areas of local government spending.

SEC Whistleblower Chief Sean McKessey then joined us electronically to discuss the most pressing issues in bringing (and defending) SEC Whistleblower claims.
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Health Care Fraud Institute Discusses False Claims Act Developments

Each December, some of the nation’s top health care lawyers gather to discuss developments in prosecuting and defending health care fraud cases at the Health Care Fraud Institute in Atlanta. Because the qui tam law–the False Claims Act– is the government’s primary civil tool to combat fraud and false claims, the False Claims Act developments are a highlight of the discussion.

This year, I was honored again to be invited to participate as part of the False Claims Act panel with Rick Shackelford, an
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SEC and Justice Department Issue “Resource Guide to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act”

The SEC Whistleblower Program authorized in 2010’s Dodd-Frank law has greater significance because the SEC and the Justice Department share jurisdiction over Foreign Corrupt Practices Act cases.

Today, SEC Director of Enforcement Robert Khuzami and Assistant Attorney General Lanny Breuer released the “Resource Guide to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.” They describe the Guide as “a unprecedented undertaking by DOJ and SEC to provide the public with detailed information about our FCPA enforcement approach and priorities.”

FCPA investigations have increased significantly in the past few years, and the dollar amount of these cases is often quite large. FCPA cases brought by SEC whistleblowers will only add to amount of FCPA violations uncovered.

The Guide is a primer on the FCPA. The SEC and DOJ have attempted to summarize “who and what is covered by the FCPA’s anti-bribery and accounting provisions; the definition of a ‘foreign official’; what constitute proper and improper gifts, travel and entertainment expenses; the nature of facilitating payments; how successor liability applies in the mergers and acquisitions context; the hallmarks of an effective corporate compliance program; and the different types of civil and criminal resolutions available in the FCPA context.”

Chapter 3 describes the accounting provisions over which the SEC has authority. When a defendant pays commercial bribes to foreign officials, the offending companies often disguise the payments through false accounting entries. The FCPA creates civil liability for such violations of the Act’s “books and records” provision.

The FCPA’s “internal controls” provision is also important, as it requires that issuers devise and maintain a system of internal accounting controls to assure management’s control,authority, and responsibility over the firm’s assets.
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As IRS Commissioner Steps Down Today, How the Next IRS Commissioner Can Immediately Help Address the “Fiscal Cliff” by Expanding the IRS Whistleblower Program

Today marks the end of IRS Commissioner Doug Shulman’s tenure, just as President Obama and Congressional leaders shift to addressing the looming “fiscal cliff.” Rather than disrupt the process of narrowing the deficit, Shulman’s departure could actually assist it–in an important way that does not depend on raising tax rates.

The timing is perfect for a new IRS leader to back fully a bipartisan effort long advocated by Republican Sen. Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) to tackle the “tax gap”–the more than $300 billion owed but not paid by tax cheats each year. Grassley seeks to expand the IRS Whistleblower Program to fulfill the promise of changes to the tax whistleblower law that Grassley sponsored almost six years ago.

Grassley should enlist as a ready ally President Obama, whose Justice Department is about to announce a record year of fraud recoveries in False Claims Act cases brought by whistleblowers. Grassley also has been the driving force behind that highly successful law since at least 1986.

Although the IRS has assembled highly skilled professionals to staff its Whistleblower Office led by Director Steve Whitlock, Grassley’s efforts have been stymied by bureaucratic resistance among others in the IRS. Those naysayers create endless obstacles to attracting whistleblowers–even though the Treasury Inspector General has determined that whistleblower information is essentially twice as effective as other sources for uncovering tax violations.

The Justice Department has learned over the past quarter century that working closely with “insider” whistleblowers and their counsel is the key to unravelling significant fraud schemes. In contrast, too many in the IRS refuse to learn from the DOJ’s experience and to heed Congress’ directive to expand the use of whistleblowers. For example, after convincing Grassley’s staff in 2006 that they could and would work closely with whistleblowers, the IRS Chief Counsel’s Office over almost six years has refused to approve even a single agreement with a whistleblower to allow that cooperation.
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