Articles Posted in False Claims Act

The “Big Dig” collapse has led to a $458 million settlement by contractors responsible for the Boston Central Artery/Tunnel highway project. Whistleblowers using the federal and state False Claims Acts helped bring about that result.

Of the $458 million settlement, $23 million is being paid to the United States under the federal False Claims Act, and $40 million will go to Massachusetts under its state False Claims Act, as a result of qui tam whistleblower litigation. (As we have written about extensively on this whistleblower lawyer blog, more and more states are enacting state versions of the federal False Claims Act to recover damages for fraud against the government. Private citizen whistleblowers or “relators” can receive up to 25 or 30% of the recovery.)

Congratulations to Massachusetts and the Justice Department for concluding this settlement.

This whistleblower lawyer blog reported earlier that the New Jersey Assembly had passed the New Jersey False Claims Act, which provides incentives to whistleblowers (“relators”) to expose fraud affecting state funds–much like the federal False Claims Act does.

Governor Jon Corzine signed the new bill into law yesterday, which makes New Jersey the 20th state to enact a state False Claims Act with qui tam whistleblower provisions similar to those of the federal False Claims Act. (Click here for a detailed explanation of the False Claims Act and why states are passing their own False Claims Acts.)

New Jersey’s citizens should be proud that their taxpayer dollars have the additional protection of the new statute. Congratulations to all who accomplished this result!

Some of the many types of health care fraud that this whistleblower lawyer blog has followed involves “durable medical equipment” (DME). The sale of wheelchairs, walkers, oxygen supplies and equipment, hospital beds, orthotics, prosthetics, and various medical devices is yet another opportunity for dishonest suppliers to defraud taxpayers.

This week, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) announced an initiative designed to improve care, save $1 billion annually, and lower Medicare beneficiaries’ out-of-pocket costs–by promoting competition in the sale of durable medical equipment.

Seventy new areas across the country have been added to the second phase of a competitive bidding program. One goal is to “prevent unscrupulous suppliers from participating in Medicare.”

The wave of new state False Claims Acts with qui tam whistleblower provisions has been a frequent topic of this whistleblower lawyer blog. In 2007, New York, Georgia, and Oklahoma joined the 16 other states that have enacted versions of the federal False Claims Act, the government’s primary weapon for fighting fraud against taxpayers.

Today, New Jersey’s Assembly unanimously passed the New Jersey State False Claims Act, which upon signature by the Governor will make New Jersey the 20th state to have a state version of the venerable qui tam whistleblower statute.

We congratulate New Jersey for taking the prudent action of passing a state False Claims Act. As we have written about extensively, Congress through the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 has created financial incentives for states that pass such qui tam whistleblower laws that are at least as effective as the federal False Claims Act.

The New Jersey False Claims Act expands on the federal Act. It also includes criminal provisions as well as civil liability for treble damages and civil penalties. The text of the Act passed today is reprinted below:
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2007 has been a most significant year for whistleblowers. The whistleblower lawyer blog attorneys look back on some of the milestones:

1. As soon as Congress authorized the first meaningful IRS Whistleblower Rewards Program to pay tax whistleblowers 15-30% of IRS recoveries from those who violate the tax laws by statue effective on December 20, 2006, beginning in January our whistleblower lawyers submitted some of the first IRS Whistleblower claims in the nation under the new law. Our IRS Whistleblower cases have continued to grow throughout the year.

2. Our IRS whistleblower submissions have led to criminal and civil investigations over tax cheating, and our whistleblower clients are in a position to receive 15-30% of the amount of collected proceeds (including penalties, interest, additions to tax, and additional amounts) recovered by the IRS.

At a conference on False Claims Act Litigation on November 30, attorneys representing the government, relators or whistleblowers, and defendants gathered to discuss whistleblower law issues. The conference was organized by the law firm of Balch & Bingham LLP.

This whistleblower lawyer blog writer had the pleasure of appearing on a panel with the Chief of the Civil Division of the U.S. Attorney’s Office in Atlanta, Amy Berne, and with Balch & Bingham’s John Markus.

Amy Berne opened with an overview of how the government handles False Claims Act cases, and answered many questions about what affects the government’s assessment of an FCA case. It is always informative to be able to ask the chief prosecutor what influences her decisions.

Two important topics of this whistleblower lawyer blog are addressed in a recent Government Accounting Office (GAO) Report on tax cheating by Medicaid providers. The Report shows the wisdom of the new IRS Whistleblower Program, which fills a “gap” in the coverage of the major whistleblower statute, the False Claims Act.

GAO reports that thousands of Medicaid providers collect large amounts of federal dollars each year, while cheating the government by failing to pay taxes owed–usually payroll taxes and personal income taxes. In testimony before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, GAO’s Gregory D. Kutz, described these abuses.

These tax abuses reportedly included:

Once again displaying the effectiveness of the False Claims Act in combating government fraud, the Justice Department has announced that it recovered $2 billion in fraud cases in the latest fiscal year that ended September 30, 2007. Qui tam whistleblower cases under the False Claims Act accounted for at least $1.45 billion of those recoveries, with the whistleblowers (or “relators’) sharing in those recoveries.

In all but one year since 2000, False Claims Act cases have generated at least $1 billion in recoveries, with whistleblowers responsible for cases that produced most of those judgments and settlements.

Health care fraud cases involving Medicare, Medicaid, and other government programs once again generated the most dollars–$1.54 billion, more than 75% of the total recoveries.

Fraud affecting health care is a frequent topic of our whistleblower lawyer blog. A new report on TRICARE, the U.S. Military’s health care system, shows that medical fraud continues, as honest whistleblowers and their lawyers continue the fight against government fraud.

More than 200 “qui tam” whistleblower cases were mentioned in the annual report of the Program Integrity Office of TRICARE, and more than 200 whistleblower cases have been brought each year since 2002.

The Report outlines numerous types of health care fraud, including double billing, upcoding, kickbacks, illegal drug marketing practices, and quality of care violations. The Report notes that TRICARE obtained judgments for $36.7 million for 2006, including a settlement with Tenet Healthcare Corporation for more than $20 million.

This week, the United States Supreme Court agreed to hear a False Claims Act whistleblower case filed against the General Motors Corporation and its former division, Allison Engine Company. The alleged fraud concerns subcontracts for building parts for the U. S. Navy’s guided missile destroyers. Each of the 50 destroyers in question costs the taxpayers over $1 billion.

At issue in this case is an argument being made by the defendants that the whistleblower and the government cannot attack the alleged fraud scheme under the False Claims Act based on the failure of the subcontractor (Allison Engine Company) to personally present claims for payment to the United States government. (In short, even if fraud occurred, the subcontractor cannot be sued under the False Claims Act because the subcontractor did not itself present false claims to the federal government.) This rule, known as the “Totten” rule, was first articulated by the now Chief Justice of the Supreme Court John Roberts when he previously served on the U. S. Court of Appeals for the D. C. Circuit. The “Totten” rule allows subcontractors to escape liability under the False Claims Act if they were not the actual party who formally presented the claim to the government for payment.

In the case which the Supreme Court has agreed to review, the lower Appeals Court supported the whistleblower’s claims and explicitly rejected the “Totten” rule. The Court of Appeals reasoned that the subcontractor’s liability should not depend on a technical presentment of a claim to the government, but whether government money was used to pay a false and fraudulent claim for payment on the contract.

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