We have handled many federal tort claims on behalf of clients over the years but, nonetheless, it is always helpful to have an Abbreviated Federal Tort Claims Act Checklist to make sure that we are in compliance with the law. Those who have never handled a case against the United States government may find some of the procedural requirements burdensome and difficult to navigate. Nonetheless, once a checklist is developed, the procedure is actually fairly easy to follow but and this is an important but, it must be followed correctly. Here are some of the items on our list:
1) The Federal Torts Claims Act is found at 28 U.S.C.§ 1346(b) and 2671 through 2680. As all practitioners know, a detailed Ante Litem Notice must be filed with the federal agency within two years of the date of the accident or occurrence. See 28 U.S.C. § 2401(b). An Ante Litem Notice is typically filed via a standard Form 95 which is found at 28 C.F.R. part 14. While each agency has their own standard Form 95, the Department of Justice standard Form 95 is that which is most easy to use and which provides all the of the requirements of a satisfactory Ante Litem Notice.
2) Typically, when one submits the Notice of Claim Form 95 to the appropriate federal agency, the basis of the claim is stated (which is the date the incident occurred, the description of the claimed negligent act, the type of injury suffered and the parties involved). One must describe in detail the nature and extent of the damages and the amount being claimed. It is important that you claim all the monetary damages you seek on this form because the law provides that if the case is not resolved via an administrative review that you cannot sue for more than you claim in your form.
3) Another important feature of Federal Tort Claims Act cases is that a separate form must be filled out for each damaged claimant. For example, if a husband and wife are injured one cannot file a single for both but must file separate forms. If there are derivative claims such as an estate’s claim when a wrongful death is involved or a loss of consortium claim the practitioner or claimant should file separate claim forms because the Federal Tort Claims Act applies to each separate claim. See 28 C.F.R. § 14.3(b).
4) Once a claim is filed with the appropriate federal agency, the claimant must wait for six months or denial whichever is earlier before suit can be filed. See 28 U.S.C. § 2675(a). If the claim is denied or six months expires without any action by the federal agency, suit must be filed where the plaintiff resides or where the act or omission complained of occurred. See 28 U.S.C. § 1402(b). Once suit is filed, only the United States of America may be named as a defendant, not the agency and not the negligent employee.
An Abbreviated Checklist For The Federal Tort Claims Act
